Lavalier microphone

When it comes to audio recording, the lavalier microphone, often referred to as a lapel mic, is a crucial tool. This small, discreet device is used in a variety of settings, from television broadcasts to theater productions.

What is a lavalier microphone?

A lavalier microphone is a small, clip-on microphone that attaches to the subject's clothing. Named after the style of pendant necklace, these microphones are designed to be unobtrusive, allowing the speaker to move freely while still capturing high-quality audio.

These microphones are often used in situations where hands-free operation is required, or where the microphone needs to be hidden from view. They are commonly used in television, theater and public speaking engagements.

Types of lavalier microphones

Lavalier microphones can be omnidirectional or cardioid — the type changes how the microphone picks up sound.

Omnidirectional lavalier microphones

Omnidirectional lavalier microphones pick up sound from all directions. This makes them ideal for situations where the speaker may be moving their head a lot, as the microphone will pick up sound consistently, regardless of the direction the speaker is facing.

However, this also means that these microphones can pick up unwanted background noise. Therefore, they are best used in controlled environments where background noise can be minimized.

Cardioid lavalier microphones

Cardioid lavalier microphones, on the other hand, pick up sound from the front and sides of the microphone, but not from the rear. This makes them ideal for situations where you want to minimize background noise.

However, they require more precise positioning, as they will not pick up sound as well if the speaker turns their head away from the microphone.

How to use a lavalier microphone

Using a lavalier microphone effectively requires careful placement. The microphone should be clipped to the subject's clothing in a position where it can pick up the speaker's voice clearly, but without rubbing against clothing or other objects, which can cause unwanted noise.

It's also important to consider the environment in which the microphone will be used. If there's a lot of background noise, a cardioid lavalier microphone may be a better choice. If the speaker will be moving their head a lot, an omnidirectional microphone may be more suitable.

Advantages of lavalier microphones

Lavalier microphones are small and the ability to clip them to clothing makes them very discreet. This can be particularly beneficial in video productions, where you may not want a large microphone visible in the shot.

Because they can be clipped close to the speaker's mouth, lav mics can provide very clear, high-quality audio. This makes them ideal for situations where audio quality is paramount.

Disadvantages of lavalier microphones

Lavalier microphones can be more susceptible to wind noise and other environmental factors than larger, more robust microphones. They can also pick up unwanted noise from clothing or other objects if not positioned correctly.

Because they are wired, lav mics can also restrict the speaker's movement. Wireless lavalier microphones are available, but they can be more expensive and require more equipment to use effectively.