An encoder is one of the key components of your live streaming setup. Without a way to encode your raw video data into a digital format for the web, you can’t go live on any platform. If you want to stream from a laptop or desktop computer — which affords you more control over your stream than broadcasting from a smartphone — you’ll need a live streaming encoder. In this guide, we cover what an encoder is, explain the difference between software and hardware encoders, and review the top 10 streaming video encoders.
What is a live streaming encoder?
An encoder takes raw video data from your camera and microphone and converts it into a digital format that you can stream on platforms like YouTube, Facebook, Twitch and LinkedIn. Usually, those digital formats are H.264, H.265, VP9 or AV1. The streaming encoder can either be a piece of software that you install on your computer or a piece of hardware that sits on your desk and connects to your computer.
Do you need an encoder at all?
Live streaming can’t happen without encoding, but you don’t always need a separate encoder. When you go live from the Facebook or YouTube mobile app, the app does the encoding for you.
A hardware or software encoder is the right choice when:
- You run a multi-camera broadcast and switch between angles live
- You use professional cameras with SDI outputs
- You stream from the field and need bonded cellular connections
- You need local or isolated (ISO) recordings of each camera
You can skip a dedicated encoder when you stream from a webcam, share your screen or bring remote guests on screen. In that case, a browser-based studio such as Restream Studio handles the encoding for you: you go live from your browser and broadcast to multiple channels at once. Restream Studio also lets you:
- Chat live with your viewers
- Add custom logos and graphics to your broadcast
- Play pre-recorded videos during the stream
- Get cross-platform analytics about each stream
Already have an encoder? Point its RTMP output at Restream, and Restream will send your stream to multiple platforms at once.
Encoding vs. transcoding vs. codecs
You might hear the words “encoding,” “transcoding,” or “codec” thrown around when learning about live streaming. These three terms are similar but mean different things:
- Encoding: Encoding is compressing a raw video file so it can be played in a digital format. An example of an encoder is either hardware like Teradek or software like OBS Studio.
- Transcoding: Transcoding is taking an already-encoded video, decoding or decompressing it to make alterations, then re-compressing it before delivery. An example of transcoding would be lowering the video’s resolution from 1080p to 720p before it appears on the end platform.
- Codec: A codec is video compression technology short for “coder-decoder” that discards visual and audio data that doesn’t affect a video’s appearance. Examples of codecs are H.264, HVEC and VP9. Encoders use codecs to perform the encoding process.
Software encoder vs. hardware encoder
Encoders can either be software or hardware. Software encoders are programs you install on your computer that use your computer’s resources to run. Hardware encoders are external pieces of equipment that you can hook up to your cameras, so they don’t take resources from your PC. New to the topic? Start with our explainer on what a video encoder is.
One isn’t better than the other; they each have benefits and drawbacks to consider. Software encoders tend to be cheaper (or free) and easier to get started with, but hardware encoders are more reliable and faster at encoding. Read our comparison guide to help you choose between a software or hardware encoder.
How to choose the best streaming encoder
When deciding which encoder to use for your live videos, keep these things in mind:
- Hardware vs. software encoder: This should be your first consideration as it will help you narrow your search.
- Compatibility with the platforms you want to stream to: Most software and hardware encoders are compatible with major streaming platforms like YouTube, Twitch and Facebook. If you want to stream on lesser-known niche sites, check that the encoder can stream to it.
- Extra features: Some useful features could be stream recording, creating scenes from multiple sources, audio mixing, 4K streaming, video effects, chroma key or remote streaming. Based on the content you’re creating, you should have an idea of which features you need.
- Budget: How much are you willing to spend on your streaming setup? If you’re just starting and want to dip your toes in, a free software encoder is best. If you’re a professional who wants to create high-quality broadcasts, you may have to invest more in your encoder.
Top 10 live streaming encoders
We reviewed five software encoders and five hardware encoders to help you choose the right encoding solution for your live stream. Start with the comparison table, then read the details for each option below.
| Encoder | Type | Inputs | Streaming protocols | Recording | Typical use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OBS Studio | Software (Windows, macOS, Linux) | Cameras, capture cards, screen, media files | RTMP(S), SRT, WHIP | Yes, local | Creators, gaming, webinars |
| XSplit Broadcaster | Software (Windows) | Cameras, capture cards, screen, remote guests | RTMP | Yes, with cue points | Gaming, presentations |
| vMix | Software (Windows) | Cameras, capture cards, NDI, SRT, media | RTMP, SRT | Yes | Multi-camera events, sports, replays |
| Wirecast | Software (Mac, Windows) | Unlimited cameras, NDI, remote guests | RTMP, SRT | Yes; ISO recording in Pro | Corporate events, worship, education |
| VidBlasterX | Software (Windows) | Cameras, capture cards, media | RTMP | Yes | Custom, modular productions |
| Teradek Prism | Hardware encoder | SDI/HDMI (model-dependent), bonded cellular | RTMP(S), SRT, HLS, RIST and more | Model-dependent | Field contribution, broadcast, 4K HEVC |
| TriCaster (Vizrt) | Hardware production system | SDI, NDI | RTMP and other outputs | Yes | Studio shows, large live events |
| Niagara Video | Hardware encoder/transcoder | Model-dependent | RTMP, SRT, HLS, DASH, WebRTC | Model-dependent | Enterprise, education, worship |
| Blackmagic ATEM Mini Pro | Hardware switcher with encoder | 4 × HDMI | RTMP, SRT | Yes, to USB disk | Small multi-camera shows, churches, classrooms |
| URayTech encoders | Hardware encoder | HDMI or SDI (model-dependent) | Check the model page | Some models | Budget single-camera setups |
Swipe sideways to see the whole table.
5 best software encoders
1. OBS Studio
OBS Studio is probably the best overall choice for a live streaming software encoder. It’s free, open-source, and a favorite among content creators. You can customize almost every detail of your live stream with OBS, plus it’s compatible with all major streaming platforms. Create as many scenes as you want from multiple sources and capture unlimited hours of audio and video to edit for later. The downside to OBS is that it lacks some features that paid software encoders have. Connect OBS to Restream to broadcast your stream to YouTube, Twitch, Facebook and other platforms simultaneously.
Pros
- Free
- Backed by community support
- Multiple source input options
- Easy connection to streaming platforms
- Simultaneous video streaming and recording
Cons
- Learning curve for beginning streamers
- Less-than-sleek user interface
Pricing
- Free
2. XSplit
With XSplit Broadcaster, you can capture gameplay, stream presentations and broadcast live events from one workspace. Streamers of all kinds will find something to like about XSplit, as it caters to both hobby streamers and professionals. You can add cameras, remote guests, clips, graphics, chat and alerts, and your recordings keep cue points that carry over to XSplit Media Manager for editing. XSplit connects with Restream, so you can use it to go live on multiple platforms at once.
Pros
- Layout Wizard for a quick start
- Scenes, sources, preview, audio and outputs in one workspace
- Add cameras, guests, clips, graphics, chat and alerts
- Recordings with cue points you can edit in Media Manager
Cons
- Best features are behind the paywall
- Plug-ins cost extra
- Windows only
Pricing
- Paid premium plans; see the XSplit site for current pricing
3. vMix
vMix isn’t solely a live streaming encoder, but it does allow for a range of inputs such as webcams, cameras, DVDs, capture cards, playlists, presentations and photos, so you can use it to encode your live streams. The software has key features like NDI support, instant replay and slow motion, virtual streaming sets and displaying content from social media platforms. As a bonus, you can connect vMix to Restream to push your broadcast to several platforms at once.
Pros
- Supports a variety of inputs
- Wide selection of features for live streaming
- Free updates when you buy the lifetime software license
- Doesn’t use many of your PC’s resources
- Built-in audio mixer
Cons
- Compatible with Windows only
- Encoding isn’t the software’s main purpose
Pricing
- One-time licenses in several tiers, from Basic HD to Pro, plus a monthly subscription option. See the vMix site for current pricing
4. Wirecast
Wirecast by Telestream is encoding and production software for video professionals. It has powerful features that help you produce high-quality live streams or virtual events: unlimited live camera inputs, native NDI input and output, chroma key, a stock media library and remote guests (up to two in Wirecast Studio and up to seven in Wirecast Pro). It’s also compatible with many capture cards and devices. If you need isolated (ISO) recordings of each camera, you’ll need Wirecast Pro. Connect your Restream account to Wirecast via an RTMP link so you can use it to multistream.
Pros
- Runs on Mac and Windows
- Native NDI input and output
- Unlimited camera inputs and up to 250 layers
- Wirecast Go app turns an iOS device into a camera source
- Remote guests via Wirecast Rendezvous
Cons
- Expensive
- ISO recording and more remote guests require Wirecast Pro
- Takes up a lot of memory on your computer
Pricing
- Wirecast Studio and Wirecast Pro editions; a free trial is available. See the Wirecast site for current pricing
5. VidBlasterX
VidBlasterX is a live streaming encoder and video production software that lets you customize everything about your stream. You can use VidBlasterX to capture, edit and broadcast your content with video effects, overlays, 4K and UHD streaming, and it has the ability to stream remotely. The user interface is based on modules and the plan you subscribe to determines how many modules you have access to.
Pros
- Fully customizable software
- Wide variety of features
- Supports multiview stream management
- Modular audio mixer
Cons
- Not for inexperienced streamers
- Incompatible with macOS
Pricing
- Annual licenses in Home, Studio and Broadcast tiers; see the VidBlasterX site for current pricing
5 best hardware encoders
1. Teradek
If you want to do hardware encoding for your live streams, Teradek has a wide selection of encoders to choose from. Its flagship Prism family encodes H.264 and HEVC up to 4K and comes in several form factors: Prism Flex is a compact unit, Prism Rack fits a studio rack, and Prism Mobile and Prism Jetpack use bonded cellular connections for streaming from the field. Bonding several connections provides more stability than a single connection. Prism encoders support RTMP(S), SRT, HLS and other protocols, so you can push your broadcast to Restream or straight to a platform.
Pros
- Bonded cellular streaming on Prism Mobile and Jetpack
- Wide protocol support, including RTMP(S), SRT and HLS
- 4K HEVC encoding
- Trusted brand name for encoders
Cons
- Expensive
- Not for beginners
Pricing
- Professional price range; check Teradek or a reseller for current pricing
2. TriCaster
TriCaster systems, originally from NewTek and now part of Vizrt, combine switching, graphics, recording and streaming in one production system, so they’re suitable for video professionals. The range covers everything from compact units to full-scale live event systems. TriCaster products work with SDI and NDI sources and are compatible with a wide range of hardware and accessories. Depending on the model, you get 4K and UHD production, built-in audio mixing and recording of your live show.
Pros
- Processes moving graphics in real time
- Auto-archives videos for on-demand playback
- Editing tools and features for audio and video
Cons
- Pricey
- Bulky hardware
Pricing
- Sold through Vizrt and its resellers; pricing depends on the model and configuration
3. Niagara Video
Some of the world’s largest brands trust Niagara Video’s encoders. They’ve been in the live streaming industry for decades and offer encoders for education, church live streams, public events and more. Current lines include portable GoStream encoders and the 8100 and 9300 series for encoding and transcoding, with outputs such as RTMP, SRT, HLS, DASH and WebRTC depending on the model.
Pros
- Several types of encoders with different features
- Support for encoding and transcoding
- Equipment for enterprises
Cons
- Almost too much power for smaller productions
- Prices aren’t available online
Pricing
- Niagara Video doesn’t disclose the prices for their products on the website. You have to contact them for pricing.
4. Blackmagic Design ATEM Mini Pro
Blackmagic Design makes a range of products for live streaming and video production, and the ATEM Mini Pro is a popular choice for streams with a multi-camera setup. It’s a video switcher with a streaming encoder built in: you get four HDMI inputs, switch between them during your broadcast, and stream over Ethernet via RTMP or SRT without a computer. It can also record to a USB disk. If you need clean recordings of every camera or more inputs, look at the ATEM Mini Pro ISO and ATEM Mini Extreme models.
Pros
- Switcher with built-in encoder
- Portable for on-the-go streaming
- Control panel for stream management
Cons
- A bit expensive
- Not quite user-friendly for new streamers
Pricing
- An affordable entry point into hardware switching; check Blackmagic Design or a reseller for current pricing
5. URayTech (URayCoder)
URayTech (the maker of URayCoder) is a good option if you want the power of a hardware encoder without a large price tag. Its catalog includes HDMI and SDI streaming encoders, including 4K HDMI models with loop-out, so you can hook up a monitor directly to the encoder to watch the video locally, and models that record locally. Protocol support varies by model, so check the product page before you buy. It’s a decent choice for smaller productions and a good foray into hardware encoding.
Pros
- Saves on bandwidth
- Less pricey than competitors
- Supports a wide variety of formats
Cons
- Less reliable encoding
- Upgrade to more expensive model required for SDI input
Pricing
- Budget-friendly compared to broadcast encoders; contact URayTech or a reseller for current pricing
Use Restream with encoding software to multistream
One of the best ways to reach a bigger audience is by multistreaming, or broadcasting your live stream to multiple platforms at once. When you combine encoding software with Restream, you can easily go live on several platforms, thanks to the following features:
- Restream supports over 30 top streaming platforms from large global streaming sites to regional and niche ones.
- It takes two minutes to set up; all you need is a Restream account and the intuitive interface makes adding channels a breeze.
- Restream works with most major encoding software and probably integrates with a streaming platform if your encoder doesn’t have native support for it.
- You can try multistreaming for free by signing up for our Basic plan.
Restream operates on any computer, PC or Mac, and you don’t need to purchase any additional software or hardware to use it.
Get more views with multistreaming
Reach more people, and meet viewers where they like to watch. Live stream to YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, Twitch, X, TikTok, LinkedIn, and more at once.
All it takes is connecting your Restream account to your favorite streaming channels like YouTube, Twitch or Facebook, and then connecting Restream to your encoding software. Read our platform guides to get started:
FAQs
What is a streaming encoder?
A video streaming encoder converts your video into digital format so that it can be broadcasted online. If you want to live stream on platforms like Twitch, YouTube, Facebook and Instagram, you’ll need to encode your video. You can use a software video encoder or a hardware video encoder.
Do I always need a streaming encoder to go live?
You need a streaming video encoder to broadcast live video on the internet. However, some apps like Facebook and Instagram allow you to go live directly from their mobile application, meaning you don’t need a separate encoder as the app handles the video encoding for you.
What is a hardware encoder?
A hardware encoder is a device that encodes video and makes it able to be transmitted over the internet. When compared to software encoders, hardware encoders generally tend to be more reliable, but also more expensive.
Which 4K streaming encoder should I choose?
On the software side, OBS Studio, vMix (4K tiers) and VidBlasterX can encode 4K. On the hardware side, Teradek Prism encoders handle 4K HEVC, and URayTech sells 4K HDMI encoders for smaller budgets. Check that the platform you stream to accepts 4K before you buy.
What is the best encoder for church live streaming?
Most churches start with a software encoder such as OBS Studio or Wirecast on a computer, or a hardware switcher like the Blackmagic ATEM Mini Pro for two to four HDMI cameras. Larger setups with SDI cameras often use hardware encoders from Teradek or Niagara Video. For the full setup, see our guide to streaming church services.
Conclusion
Live streaming with an encoder isn’t some big mystery — and it’s definitely not hard to do. If you choose the right encoder for your content, you can produce a high-quality stream that engages your viewers. And if you use Restream to multistream, you can expand your audience to multiple streaming platforms.
